IRON AND MANGANESE
Iron, and to a lesser extent manganese, frequently occur in the rock and soil of the earth’s crust. Aquifers often contain appreciable amounts of iron. The reddish brown iron stains on sinks, toilets and freshly laundered clothes are caused by iron. Manganese causes similar stains, but they are generally black or dark gray.
NITRATES
Nitrates originate from fertilizers, animal wastes, septic systems and industrial wastes. A serious health issue, they affect the ability of the blood to carry oxygen. Infants under 6 months old are particularly susceptible to a life-threatening condition known as “blue baby syndrome.”
SULFATES
Sulfates are often found in agricultural regions and also occur in soils and rock where they are susceptible to dissolution into groundwater. Sulfates and nitrates often occur together in groundwater and respond similarly to treatment practices. Unlike nitrates, sulfates do not cause any serious health problems; diarrhea is normally the worst concern.
SILT / SEDIMENT
Many wells contain silt or sediment. The simple evidence of brownish, discolored water identifies the problem. Although silt and sediment in household water frustrate homeowners, they do not impact health.
TANNIN
Tannins are a byproduct of decayed vegetation which produces humic acid in shallow, swampy water. Cedar swamps, cyprus swamps, and cattail